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Vermicomposting of Oil Palm Waste-Based Spent Mushroom Substrate (Frond, Leaf, and Empty Fruit Bunch) as a Sustainable Organic Amendment: Quality Assessment of Nutrient Transformation and Physicochemical Properties
Abstract
Akumulasi limbah pertanian yang semakin meningkat, khususnya substrat jamur bekas (SMS) dan limbah padat kelapa sawit, merupakan tantangan lingkungan yang signifikan dalam sistem agroindustri tropis. Studi ini mengkaji transformasi fisikokimia SMS berbasis limbah kelapa sawit—yang terdiri dari pelepah, daun, dan tandan buah kosong—selama proses vermikompos menggunakan Eisenia fetida. Proses vermikompos dilakukan dalam kondisi terkontrol dan sifat fisikokimia substrat yang diukur sebelum dan sesudah proses. Parameter yang diukur meliputi suhu, kadar udara, konduktivitas listrik (EC), pH, nitrogen total (N), total fosfor (P), kalium total (K), dan indeks kesuburan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan pada konsentrasi unsur hara setelah vermikompos: total N meningkat dari 64,33 menjadi 217,67 mg/kg (+238,4%), total P dari 90,33 menjadi 305,00 mg/kg (+237,7%), dan total K dari 206,67 menjadi 697,67 mg/kg (+237,6%). Konduktivitas listrik meningkat secara signifikan dari 1.293,33 menjadi 4.365,00 µS/cm (+237,5%), yang mencerminkan peningkatan konsentrasi zat terlarut ionik yang terkait dengan mineralisasi bahan organik. Indeks kesuburan tanah secara keseluruhan menunjukkan peningkatan sebesar 237,7%, naik dari 711,00 menjadi 2.400,33 mg/kg. pH tetap stabil pada 7,70, menunjukkan kondisi netral hingga sedikit basa yang membantu ketersediaan unsur hara. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa vermikompos limbah kelapa sawit berbasis SMS merupakan strategi biokonversi yang efektif, menghasilkan vermikompos kaya nutrisi dengan potensi kuat sebagai bahan perbaikan tanah berkelanjutan untuk sistem pertanian tropis. Studi ini menyediakan data dasar penting untuk mengoptimalkan pengelolaan limbah biosirkular di sektor kelapa sawit Indonesia.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.56125/tpj.v5i2.107
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